With Mali’s collapse, the al-Qaeda affiliate Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) poses a growing threat to Europe’s southern flank. Meanwhile, because NATO refused to support the U.S. in Iran, Europe may have to face the threat alone. Photo courtesy of African Initiative. Mali is collapsing, and the consequences are Islamic extremism and economic fallout that threaten Europe. Since September 2025, the al-Qaeda affiliate Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) has waged economic warfare against the Malian government, blockading Bamako’s fuel supply and strangling the state’s capacity to function. Russia’s Africa Corps, which replaced Wagner as Mali’s security guarantor in mid-2025, has proven unable to break the siege. Meanwhile, the United States, under President Biden, surrendered its primary intelligence platform in the region when Niger’s post-coup junta…
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